Resumen Se determinó el efecto de dietas vegetales en el desarrollo larval de dos especies de mariposas diurnas en cautiverio en el Centro de Investigaciones Allpahuayo del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Perú. Para evaluar sus ciclos biológicos se emplearon 20 larvas recién emergidas de cada una de las especies, de forma individual, y para examinar el efecto de diferentes dietas en su desarrollo larval se empleó un diseño completamente al azar, con dos tratamientos y diferentes repeticiones (n1 = 31 y n2 = 14). Se reporta que la dieta con el hospedero Arachis pintoi fue óptima para las especies Morpho menelaus occidentalis y Morpho helenor theodorus, que completaron sus ciclos biológicos respectivamente en 97,51±7,98 días (n = 15), con 75% de supervivencia, y 73,22±7,26 días (n = 14), con una supervivencia de 70%. M. helenor theodorus completó su ciclo biológico con su hospedero natural Platymiscium stipulare en 75,84±10,19 días (n = 10), siendo su ciclo biológico más prolongado y con supervivencia más baja (50%). Las plantas hospederas Vigna aff. candida y Desmodium adscendens no fueron favorables para las dos especies de Morpho, ya que las larvas murieron en el primer estadio. En M. helenor theodorus no existe relación entre el sexo y la dieta respecto a la longevidad (prueba Chi cuadrado). Las hembras vivieron en promedio 53,76 días y los machos 25,45 días.

Abstract The effect of vegetable diets on the larval development of two daytime butterflies in captivity at the Allpahuayo Research Center of the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos, Peru, was determined. To evaluate their biological cycles, 20 freshly emerged larvae of each species were used individually and, to estimate the effect of different diets in their larval development, a completely randomized design was used with two treatments and different replicates (n1 = 31 and n2 = 14). It was reported that the diet with the host plant Arachis pintoi was optimal for both Morpho menelaus occidentalis and Morpho helenor theodorus species, which completed their biological cycles in, 97.51±7.98 days (n = 15), with 75% survival, and 73.22±7.26 days (n = 14), with a survival rate of 70% respectively. Morpho helenor theodorus completed its biological cycle on its natural host plant Platymiscium stipulare in 75.84±10.19 days (n = 10), being its biological cycle longer with a lower survival rate (50%). The host plants Vigna aff. candida and Desmodium adscendens were not adequate for the two species of Morpho, since the larvae died in the first stage. In Morpho helenor theodorus, there is no relationship between gender and diet in relation to longevity (Chi square test). Females lived in average 53.76 days and males 25.45 days.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the life cycle of the butterfly Archaeoprepona demophon muson, determine the species of plants to which it relates, characterize its habitat and contribute to the knowledge about their natural enemies. Fieldwork was conducted in two areas near Iquitos (Peru). For the description of the life cycle 20 eggs laid on leaves of it host plant were used. The cycle from egg to adult lasted 85.40 ± 4.66 days under laboratory conditions. The egg period took 5.60 ± 0.52 days. The larva goes through five stages: the first one lasts 8.61 ± 0.77 days; the second 6.12 ± 0.68; the third 11.44 ± 0.73; the fourth 8.13 ± 0.34; and the fifth 27.37 ± 1.29. The prepupa lasted 3.60 ± 0.51 days and the pupa 14.13 ± 2.62; adults were born approximately between 9:00 to 11:00 h. The female lived 41.00 ± 6.35 days and the male 19.25 ± 4.49 days. The host plants were Siparuna bifida (Poepp. & Endl.) A.DC., Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. and Musa × paradisiaca L. We report two natural enemies, a spider and a fungus

El objetivo de este trabajo fue elucidar el ciclo biológico de la mariposa diurna Archaeoprepona demophon muson, determinar las especies de plantas con las que se relaciona, caracterizar su hábitat y contribuir al conocimiento sobre sus enemigos naturales. El trabajo de campo se desarrolló en dos áreas cercanas a la ciudad de Iquitos (Perú). Para describir el ciclo biológico se utilizó 20 huevos recientemente depositados en las hojas de su planta hospedera. La duración del ciclo, desde huevo hasta adulto fue de 85.40 ± 4.66 días en condiciones de laboratorio. El periodo de huevo se extendió por 5.60 ± 0.52 días. La larva pasa por cinco estadíos: el primero duró 8.61 ± 0.77 días, el segundo 6.12 ± 0.68 días, el tercero 11.44 ± 0.73 días, el cuarto 8.13 ± 0.34 días, y el quinto 27.37 ± 1.29 días. El periodo de la prepupa duró 3.60 ± 0.51 días y el de pupa 14.13 ± 2.62 días; los adultos nacieron aproximadamente entre las 9:00 a 11:00 h. La hembra vivió 41.00 ± 6.35 días y el macho 19.25 ± 4.49 días. Las plantas alimenticias utilizadas fueron Siparuna bifida (Poepp. & Endl.) A.DC., Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. y Musa x paradisiaca L. Registramos dos enemigos naturales, una araña y un hongo

This work reports the food plants utilized by 19 species of butterflies from Allpahuayo-Mishana Research Center and the Community of San Rafael, Loreto, Peru. We report 23 plant species and one hybrid of angiosperms used by the butter flies. Larval host plants were 21 species and five were adult nectar sources. Two species were both host plant and nectar source: Passiflora coccinea Aubl. and Passiflora edulis Sims. The most frequently used plant families were Solanaceae, Passifloraceae, Fabaceae and Aristolochiaceae.

El presente trabajo informa sobre las plantas alimenticias utilizadas por 19 especies de mariposas diurnas (Lepidoptera) que ocurren en el Centro de Investigaciones Allpahuayo-Mishana y la Comunidad Campesina de San Rafael, Loreto, Perú. Se reportan 23 especies y 1 híbrido de angiospermas empleadas por las mariposas investigadas. Veintiún plantas eran hospedadoras de las larvas y 5 nectaríferas de los adultos; Passiflora coccinea Aubl. y Passiflora edulis Sims eran a la vez hospederas y nectaríferas. Las familias de plantas más utilizadas por las mariposas en estado larval fueron Solanaceae, Passifloraceae, Fabaceae y Aristolochiaceae.

ABSTRACT Sepona Freitas and Barbosa, gen. nov. is proposed for the Neotropical satyrine butterfly species Euptychia punctataWeymer, 1911 and its junior subjective synonyms Euptychia griseolaWeymer, 1911 and Taygetis indecisa Ribeiro, 1931. The new genus has a distinctive wing pattern and shape of the valvae in the male genitalia, the latter being a unique autapomorphy within the subtribe Euptychiina. Based on molecular data, this genus is not sister to any other single euptychiine genus, instead appearing as the sister to all remaining genera in the Taygetis clade. The present paper illustrates the complexity of the taxonomy of Euptychiina, and the importance of using different sources of evidence in taxonomic studies.

Notes on the geographic distribution and subspecific taxonomy of Sais rosalia (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Ithomiini), including the first records in Paraguay. This paper provides comments on the subspecific taxonomy and geographic distribution of Sais rosalia (Cramer, 1779) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Ithomiini), as well as an up-to-date distributional map, complemented with unpublished distributional data based on specimens deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Pe. Jesus S. Moure, Curitiba, Brazil and the Museo de Historia Natural, Lima, Peru. The following synonyms are proposed: Sais rosalia camariensis Haensch, 1905 syn. rev. as junior subjective synonym of Papilio rosalia Cramer, 1779 and Sais rosalia brasiliensis Talbot, 1928 syn. rev. as junior subjective synonym of Sais rosalia rosalinde Weymer, 1890. Additionally, the first country records of Sais rosalia in Paraguay, including the southernmost record of the species, are documented.

The rare skipper Dalla granites (Mabille, 1898) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), previously cited from Ecuador and Bolivia is reported for the first time in Peru

Se registra por primera vez para Perú al raro hespérido Dalla granites (Mabille, 1898) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), previamente citado de Ecuador y Bolivia

Se reportan para Colombia por vez primera la subespecie Eupalamides cyparissias amazonensis y un fenotipo intermedio de dos ssp. de Duboisvalia simulans basados en ejemplares presentes en dos colecciones del país. Además de su relevancia al incrementar la distribución geográfica de ambos taxones, se presenta información adicional sobre los mismos.

Eupalamides cyparissias amazonensis and an intermediate phenotype of two ssp. of Duboisvalia simulans are reported for the first time from Colombia based on the discovery of one specimen each present in two collections of the country. Besides their relevance for increasing the geographical distribution of both taxa, additional information is provided.

Primeiro registro de Phoebis argante chincha Lamas (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) no Chile. A presença de Phoebis argante chincha Lamas, 1976 (Lepidoptera; Pieridae) é mencionada pela primeira vez para o Chile, no vale de Azapa, Arica.

First record of Phoebis argante chincha Lamas (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Chile. The presence of Phoebis argante chincha Lamas, 1976 (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) is reported for the first time in Chile, from the Azapa valley, Arica.

O nome genérico correto para as espécies de Eucharia Boisduval, 1870, um homônimo, é Annamaria D'Abrera & Bálint, 2001, que tem sido considerado não válido, ou Lamasina Robbins, 2002, um nome substituto para Eucharia. Uma reinterpretação recente da descrição original de Annamaria é considerada incorreta, confirmando a não disponibilidade do nome com base no Artigo 13.1 do Código. O neótipo de Papilio ganimedes Cramer, 1775 é invalidado e um possível síntipo é ilustrado. Os resultados da análise de variação do complexo Lamasina ganimedes diferem significativamente daqueles publicados anteriormente, fornecendo poucas evidências para sustentar a hipótese que L. lathyi (Bálint, 2005) é uma espécie distinta sob o conceito biológico de espécie. Lamasina lathyi é um sinônimo de L. ganimedes syn. nov. A evidência estatística falseia categoricamente a hipótese publicada que os complexos de espécies L. rhaptissima (Johnson, 1991) (14 machos) e L. columbia (Bálint, 2005) (8 fêmeas) são diferentes e não machos e fêmeas do mesmo complexo. Lamasina columbia é endêmica do oeste da Colômbia. A hipótese de L. rhapsodia (Bálint, 2005), da Bolívia, ser uma espécie válida não está tão bem suportada quanto as hipóteses que consideram o único exemplar conhecido da espécie como uma variante geográfica ou um indivíduo aberrante. Lamasina rhapsodia é um sinônimo de L. rhaptissima syn. nov. Foi observada uma semelhança superficial entre os gêneros Paiwarria Kaye, 1904 e Lamasina referente aos padrões das asas em vista ventral. É apresentada uma checklist para Lamasina.

The correct generic name for the species that belong to Eucharia Boisduval, 1870, a homonym, is either Annamaria D'Abrera & Bálint, 2001, which has been considered to be unavailable, or Lamasina Robbins, 2002, a replacement name for Eucharia. A recent re-interpretation of the original description of Annamaria was incorrect, and Annamaria is confirmed as being unavailable under Article 13.1 of the Code. A proposed neotype for Papilio ganimedes Cramer, 1775 is invalidated, and a possible syntype is illustrated. Results of an analysis of variation in the Lamasina ganimedes complex are distinctly different from those previously published and provide insufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that L. lathyi (Bálint, 2005) is distinct under a biological species concept. Lamasina lathyi is a synonym of L. ganimedes syn. nov. Statistical evidence overwhelmingly falsifies the published hypothesis that the L. rhaptissima (Johnson, 1991) (14 males) and L. columbia (Bálint, 2005) (8 females) species complexes are distinct rather than males and females of the same complex. Lamasina columbia is endemic to western Colombia. The hypothesis that L. rhapsodia (Bálint, 2005) from Bolivia is a distinct species is not better supported than the hypotheses that the one known specimen of L. rhapsodia is a geographical variant or an aberrant specimen. Lamasina rhapsodia is a synonym of L. rhaptissima syn. nov. Superficial similarity in ventral wing patterns in genera Paiwarria Kaye, 1904 and Lamasina is noted. A nomenclatural checklist for Lamasina is presented.

A taxonomic review of the Neotropical satyrine butterfly genus Forsterinaria Gray is presented herein, including a discussion of the classification and geographical distribution of its component species, illustrations of the adults of all taxa and the male genitalia of all species, and descriptions of 12 new species and two new subspecies: Forsterinaria antje sp. n., F. coipa sp. n., F. enjuerma sp. n., F. falcata sp. n., F. guaniloi sp. n., F. itatiaia sp. n., F. pallida sp. n., F. pallida aurita ssp. n., F. pichita sp. n., F. pilosa sp. n., F. punctata sp. n., F. pyrczi sp. n., F. rotunda sp. n., and F. rustica glendita ssp. n. Euptychia stelligera Butler, and E. fabiana Butler are sunk as synonyms (syn. n.) of Forsterinaria quantius (Godart). Euptychia magdalena Hayward, and E. pseudonecys Strand are sunk as synonyms (syn. n.) of F. inornata (C. Felder & R. Felder), and F. necys (Godart), respectively. Lectotypes are designated for 14 nominal taxa. A total of 23 species are recognized. A key for the identification of all taxa is presented.

Se presenta una revisión taxonómica de las mariposas satírinas neotropicales incluidas en el género Forsterinaria Gray, 1973, comprendiendo una discusión de la clasificación y distribución geográfica de sus especies componentes, ilustraciones de los adultos de todos los taxones y de sus genitalias masculinas, así como descripciones de 12 especies y dos subespecies nuevas: Forsterinaria antje sp. n., F. coipa sp. n., F. enjuerma sp. n., F. falcata sp. n., F. guaniloi sp. n., F. itatiaia sp. n., F. pallida sp. n., F. pallida aurita ssp. n., F. pichita sp. n., F. pilosa sp. n., F. punctata sp. n., F. pyrczi sp. n., F. rotunda sp. n. y F. rustica glendita ssp. n. Euptychia stelligera Butler y E. fabiana Butler son considerados sinónimos (syn. n.) de Forsterinaria quantius (Godart). Euptychia magdalena Hayward y E. pseudonecys Strand son considerados sinónimos (syn. n.) de F. inornata (C. Felder & R. Felder) y F. necys (Godart), respectivamente. Se designa lectotipos para 14 taxones nominales. Se reconoce un total de 23 especies. Se ofrece una clave para la identificación de todos los taxones.

The first known female of the extremely rare Amazonian species Megathecla gigantea (Hewitson, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini), from Peru, Loreto, Tierra Hermosa is reported herein. Some notes are given on its behavior and habitat.

Se reporta la primera hembra conocida de la extremadamente rara especie amazónica Megathecla gigantea (Hewitson, 1867), de Perú, Loreto, Tierra Hermosa. Se ofrece algunas notas sobre su comportamiento y hábitat.

The rediscovery of Mimoniades baroni (Godman & Salvin, 1895) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrrhopyginae), in Cajamarca, Peru, is reported herein. The species had not been recorded since its original description, almost 110 years ago.

Se reporta el redescubrimiento de Mimoniades baroni (Godman & Salvin, 1895) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrrhopyginae), en Cajamarca, Perú. La especie no había sido registrada desde su descripción original, hace casi 110 años.

Nomenclatural actions are taken in the Neotropical Eumaeini in advance of publication of the Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera Checklist. Lectotypes are designated for eleven species group names: Lycaena astiocha Prittwitz, 1865; Thecla azia Hewitson, 1873; Thecla beroea Hewitson, 1868; Thecla cupa Druce, 1907; Thecla daraba Hewitson, 1867; Thecla duma Hewitson, 1878; Thecla erenea Hewitson, 1867; Thecla galliena Hewitson, 1867; Thecla guacanagari Wallengren, 1860; Thecla stagira Hewitson, 1867; and Thecla thoria Hewitson, 1867. Thecla duma Hewitson, 1878 and Thecla columbinia Strand, 1916 are transferred from Eumaeini to Deudorigini (Theclinae). Lycaena vanessoides Prittwitz, 1865 is transferred from Polyommatinae to Theclinae (Eumaeini). Six type localities are changed: Colombia to Africa for Thecla columbinia Strand, 1916; Amazon to Guayaquil for Thecla daraba Hewitson, 1867; Colombia to Southeast Asia for Thecla duma Hewitson, 1878; Bolivia to Westem North America for Ignata illepida K. Johnson, 1992; Argentina to the United States for Strymon nivnix K. Johnson, Eisele & MacPherson, 1990; and Dominican Republic to mainland Central and South America for Tmolus victoria K. Johnson & Matusik, 1989. Seven new synonyms are: Lycaena vanessoides Prittwitz, 1865 = Thecla hygela Hewitson, 1868 syn. nov.; Thecla saepium Boisduval, 1852 = Ignata illepida K. Johnson, 1992 syn. nov.; Thecla tyriam H.H. Druce, 1907 = Zigirina minutia K. Johnson & Adams, 1997 syn. nov.; Thecla halciones Butler & H. Druce, 1872 = Decussata colombiana K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom & Sal azar, 1997 syn. nov.; Papilio celmus Cramer, 1775 = Tmolus victoria K. Johnson & Matusik, 1989 syn. nov.; Thecla daraba Hewitson, 1867 = Thecla tyleri Dyar, 1913 syn. nov.; and Thecla galliena Hewitson, 1877 = Thecla iopas Godman & Salvin, 1887 syn. nov. The generic name Decussata K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom & Salazar, 1997 is a new junior synonym of Ostrinotes K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom & Salazar, 1997. The unavailable infra-subspecific name Thecla orobiana forma ♀ cosmophila Tessmann, 1928 is available as Thecla cosmophila Bridges, 1988. Seven new combinations are: Hypokopelates columbinia (Strand, 1916) comb. nov.; Mithras cosmophila Bridges, 1988 comb. nov.; Nicolaea cupa (Druce, 1907) comb. nov.; Salazaria elizabetha (Salazar, Vélez & K. Johnson, 1997) comb. nov.; Ostrinotes halciones (Butler & H. Druce, 1872) comb. nov.; Strephonota tyriam (H.H. Druce, 1907) comb. nov.; and Aubergina vanessoides (Prittwitz, 1865) comb. nov. The holotypes of seven eumaeines are composed of parts belonging to different species: Strymon andrewi K. Johnson & Matusik, 1988; Decussata colombiana K. Johnson, Austin, Le Crom & Salazar, 1997; Trochusinus elizabetha Salazar, Vélez & K. Johnson, 1997; lgnata illepida K. Johnson, 1992; Zigirina minutia K. Johnson & Adams, 1997; Strymon nivnix K. Johnson, Eisele & MacPherson, 1990; and Tmolus victoria K. Johnson & Matusik, 1989. Some parts of these holotypes are excluded to clarify the identity of these names. Three chronic misspellings are corrected: Papilio ganimedes Crarner, 1775, for Papilio ganymedes [sic] Fabricius, 1776;Thecla atnius Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], for Thecla atrius [sic] Herrich-Schäffer, [1858]; and Rusticus minyas Hübner, [1809], for Rusticus minijas [sic] Poey, 1832. The name Electrostrymon minikyanos K. Johnson & Matusik, 1988, is treated as a nomen dubium. The subjective synonymy of Thecla guacanagari Wallengren, 1860, and Thecla azia Hewitson, 1873, is referred to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for conditional suppression of the first name. Precedence for the names Papilio dion Schaller, 1788, and Hesperia columella Fabricius, 1793, is reversed under Article 23.9.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.